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Related Concept Videos

Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can be...
Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can be...
Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within...
Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within...
Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Eukaryotic Polyribosome Profile Analysis
09:16

Eukaryotic Polyribosome Profile Analysis

Published on: June 15, 2010

Protoribosome by quantum kernel energy method.

Lulu Huang1, Miri Krupkin, Anat Bashan

  • 1Center for Computational Materials Science, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5341.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The study suggests a prebiotic RNA entity, the "protoribosome," may have preceded modern ribosomes. Computational analysis indicates this ancient RNA structure possessed the stability and substrate binding necessary for early peptide bond formation.

Keywords:
bonding apparatuschemical modelinteraction energypuromycinself-assembly

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Single Molecule Fluorescence Energy Transfer Study of Ribosome Protein Synthesis
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Area of Science:

  • Origin of Life studies
  • Molecular Evolution
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The RNA world hypothesis proposes RNA preceded DNA and proteins.
  • Modern ribosomes, essential for protein synthesis, may retain vestiges of this RNA world.
  • A hypothetical RNA entity, the 'protoribosome,' is suggested as a precursor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional capabilities of the proposed protoribosome.
  • To determine if the protoribosome could serve as an evolutionary precursor to the modern ribosome.
  • To assess the structural and energetic properties of the protoribosome using computational methods.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized quantum mechanics, specifically density functional theory (B3LYP/3-21G*).
  • Employed the kernel energy method for computational efficiency.
  • Analyzed crystal coordinates of the modern ribosome to model the protoribosome.

Main Results:

  • The protoribosome exhibits energetic structural stability.
  • The protoribosome demonstrates energetically stable attachment to substrates.
  • These findings support the protoribosome's viability as a prebiotic entity.

Conclusions:

  • The protoribosome possesses the necessary properties for peptide bond formation.
  • This RNA entity likely functioned before the advent of the genetic code and proteins.
  • The protoribosome represents a crucial link in the evolution of the ribosome.