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Predictors of executive complaints and executive deficits in multiple sclerosis
K T Hanssen1, A G Beiske, N I Landrø
1Multiple Sclerosis Centre Hakadal, Norway, Oslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Objectives:
To investigate executive complaints and objective executive deficits and their relations to both depression and neurological function in multiple sclerosis (MS).
Materials And Methods:
One hundred and twenty MS patients participating in multidisciplinary rehabilitation underwent assessment with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), neuropsychological tests of executive function, self-report measures of executive function (BRIEF-A), and depression (BDI-II).
Results:
Multivariate regression analysis showed that moderate depression and above (BDI-II > 20) significantly predicted a high degree of subjective executive complaints. Multivariate regression analysis showed that EDSS scores above 4.3 significantly predicted executive cognitive deficit, measured by neuropsychological tests.
Conclusion:
Among the study variables, depression was the strongest predictor of executive complaints. A high degree of neurological disability was the strongest predictor for executive deficit, measured by neuropsychological tests.
