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Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
Condensins02:15

Condensins

Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
Condensins02:15

Condensins

Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes
12:46

Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes

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Cohesin in development and disease.

Silvia Remeseiro1, Ana Cuadrado, Ana Losada

  • 1Chromosome Dynamics Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|August 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cohesin, a protein complex crucial for sister chromatid cohesion, plays vital roles in chromosome segregation, DNA repair, and gene expression during development and in disease.

Keywords:
Chromatin loopsCohesinopathiesCohesion

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cohesin is a conserved ring-shaped protein complex essential for genome stability.
  • Its primary role is mediating sister chromatid cohesion, critical for accurate chromosome segregation during cell division (mitosis and meiosis).
  • Cohesin also participates in DNA repair pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of cohesin's diverse functions.
  • To highlight cohesin's established roles in chromosome segregation and DNA repair.
  • To explore emerging evidence of cohesin's influence on gene expression and its implications in development and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on cohesin.
  • Analysis of studies investigating cohesin's molecular mechanisms.
  • Integration of findings related to cohesin's involvement in cellular processes and disease.

Main Results:

  • Cohesin's fundamental role in ensuring faithful chromosome segregation and DNA integrity is confirmed.
  • Emerging data reveal cohesin's significant impact on gene regulation through DNA looping and interactions with transcription factors.
  • Dysregulation of cohesin function is linked to various developmental disorders and diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Cohesin is a multifunctional complex with critical roles beyond sister chromatid cohesion.
  • Understanding cohesin's mechanisms in gene expression is key to deciphering its roles in development and disease.
  • Targeting cohesin pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for cohesinopathies and other related conditions.