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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Lipids01:32

Membrane Lipids

Lipids are an essential component of all biological membranes. The average lipid content in mammalian membranes is 50%, though it can be as low as 20% in the inner mitochondrial membrane or as high as 80% in the myelin sheath present around the nerve cells.
Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin are the most common phospholipids present in mammalian membranes. At physiological pH, phosphatidylserine is negatively charged, while the other three...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile01:25

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile

Understanding serum lipids is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing heart disease and stroke.
Serum lipids are fats and fatty substances in the blood and are crucial for various bodily functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production. Serum lipids consist of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
Cholesterol is a soft, fat-like substance found in all body cells. It is crucial for producing hormones, vitamin D, and substances that aid...
Synthesis of Phosphatidylcholine in the ER Membrane01:27

Synthesis of Phosphatidylcholine in the ER Membrane

The ER synthesizes lipids for building cell membranes and performing cellular functions such as energy storage and signaling. The lipid synthesis machinery embedded in the ER membrane primarily collects all reactants from the cytosol. Following synthesis, the secretory pathway and the ER contact sites distribute these lipids to other cellular organelles. Additionally, the energy-rich triacylglycerides are transported from the ER via lipid droplets.
The major components of all eukaryotic cell...
Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
What are Lipids?01:38

What are Lipids?

Overview
Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism01:28

Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism

Lipids also are sources of energy that power cellular processes. Like carbohydrates, lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but these atoms are arranged differently. Most lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic. Major types include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
Fatty acids are catabolized in a process called beta-oxidation, which takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and converts their fatty acid chains into two-carbon units of acetyl groups. The acetyl...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Quantitative Analysis of the Cellular Lipidome of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry
08:56

Quantitative Analysis of the Cellular Lipidome of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 8, 2020

Quantification of phospholipids classes in human milk.

Francesca Giuffrida1, Cristina Cruz-Hernandez, Brigitte Flück

  • 1Nestlé Product Technology Centre, Konolfingen, Switzerland, francesca.giuffrida@rdls.nestle.com.

Lipids
|August 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a method to quantify phospholipids in human milk, crucial for infant immunity. The analysis revealed average total phospholipid content, providing insights into infant dietary intake.

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Determination of Total Lipid and Lipid Classes in Marine Samples
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Determination of Total Lipid and Lipid Classes in Marine Samples

Published on: December 11, 2021

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Quantitative Analysis of the Cellular Lipidome of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry
08:56

Quantitative Analysis of the Cellular Lipidome of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 8, 2020

Determination of Total Lipid and Lipid Classes in Marine Samples
14:59

Determination of Total Lipid and Lipid Classes in Marine Samples

Published on: December 11, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Infant Nutrition

Background:

  • Phospholipids are vital components of milk fat globule membranes, influencing infant immune and inflammatory responses.
  • Accurate quantification of phospholipids in human milk is essential for understanding their role in infant health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize and validate a liquid chromatography method for quantifying major phospholipid classes in human milk.
  • To determine the absolute content of phospholipids in a cohort of human milk samples.

Main Methods:

  • Phospholipids were extracted using chloroform and methanol.
  • Separation of phospholipid classes was performed using C18 column chromatography.
  • Quantification was achieved using an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD).

Main Results:

  • The method demonstrated good repeatability and intermediate reproducibility with recovery values ranging from 67% to 112%.
  • Concentrations of major phospholipid classes were quantified, including phosphatidylinositol (0.6 mg/100 g) and sphingomyelin (4.6 mg/100 g).
  • The average total phospholipid content in human milk was 23.8 mg/100 g.

Conclusions:

  • A validated analytical method enables precise quantification of phospholipids in human milk.
  • The findings provide crucial data on phospholipid content and estimated infant intake, supporting infant health research.