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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Rat Model of Widespread Cerebral Cortical Demyelination Induced by an Intracerebral Injection of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines
09:46

Rat Model of Widespread Cerebral Cortical Demyelination Induced by an Intracerebral Injection of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines

Published on: September 21, 2021

Multiple sclerosis is primarily a neurodegenerative disease.

Abhijit Chaudhuri1

  • 1Queen's Hospital, Romford, Essex, UK, Chaudhuria@gmail.com.

Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)
|August 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Multiple sclerosis pathogenesis is neurodegenerative, not primarily immune-driven. This neurodegeneration, affecting grey and white matter, is central to the disease, with immune responses potentially modifying its course.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Neurodegeneration
  • Central Nervous System Disorders

Background:

  • The established view of multiple sclerosis (MS) as a primary immune-mediated disease is questioned.
  • Current therapies targeting the immune system have limited efficacy for many MS patients.
  • Progressive degeneration of brain and spinal cord tissue is a key feature of MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the prevailing immunopathogenesis model of multiple sclerosis.
  • To propose a primary neurodegenerative basis for multiple sclerosis.
  • To re-evaluate the role of the immune system and other factors in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Critical review of existing multiple sclerosis literature.
  • Analysis of the natural history and pathological hallmarks of MS.

More Related Videos

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Rat Model of Widespread Cerebral Cortical Demyelination Induced by an Intracerebral Injection of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines
09:46

Rat Model of Widespread Cerebral Cortical Demyelination Induced by an Intracerebral Injection of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines

Published on: September 21, 2021

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

  • Consideration of the blood-brain barrier's role in MS pathogenesis.

    • Main Results:

    • The assumption of primary immunopathogenesis for MS is considered flawed.
    • Neurodegeneration, impacting grey and white matter, is integral to MS.
    • Demyelination is viewed as part of the neurodegenerative process, not the primary target.
    • The integrity of the blood-brain barrier is crucial for the primary neurodegenerative pathology.
    • Primary progressive MS exemplifies a neurodegenerative disease.
    • Relapsing-remitting MS may reflect modifications by hormones on CNS metabolism.

    Conclusions:

    • Multiple sclerosis is fundamentally a neurodegenerative disease.
    • The blood-brain barrier integrity is critical in MS neurodegeneration.
    • Hormonal factors may modulate the neurodegenerative process in certain MS forms.