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Updated: May 8, 2026

Advanced Cardiac Rhythm Management by Applying Optogenetic Multi-Site Photostimulation in Murine Hearts
Published on: August 26, 2021
Patrick M Boyle1, John C Williams, Christina M Ambrosi
1Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, 316 Hackerman Hall, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
Optogenetics offers precise electrical heart control using light and photosensitive proteins (opsins). This study models cardiac optogenetics to explore therapeutic potential and identify optimal stimulation targets.
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