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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Experimental Demyelination and Remyelination of Murine Spinal Cord by Focal Injection of Lysolecithin
08:57

Experimental Demyelination and Remyelination of Murine Spinal Cord by Focal Injection of Lysolecithin

Published on: March 26, 2015

Fulminant demyelinating diseases.

Megan R Rahmlow1, Orhun Kantarci

  • 1Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

The Neurohospitalist
|August 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fulminant demyelinating diseases, including acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis variants, require intensive care. Early diagnosis and treatment with steroids, plasma exchange, and immunosuppression improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:
ADEMMarburgfulminant MSneuromyelitis opticatumefactive MS

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Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
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Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Experimental Demyelination and Remyelination of Murine Spinal Cord by Focal Injection of Lysolecithin
08:57

Experimental Demyelination and Remyelination of Murine Spinal Cord by Focal Injection of Lysolecithin

Published on: March 26, 2015

A Stably Established Two-Point Injection of Lysophosphatidylcholine-Induced Focal Demyelination Model in Mice
04:55

A Stably Established Two-Point Injection of Lysophosphatidylcholine-Induced Focal Demyelination Model in Mice

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Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
09:38

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Fulminant demyelinating diseases encompass severe inflammatory conditions affecting the central nervous system.
  • These include acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, variants of multiple sclerosis, and neuromyelitis optica-spectrum disorders.
  • Their aggressive nature often necessitates intensive care due to significant neurologic morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features of fulminant demyelinating diseases.
  • To discuss current management strategies and factors influencing patient prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, and histopathology.
  • Analysis of treatment modalities including corticosteroids, plasma exchange, and immunosuppressive therapies.

Main Results:

  • Discriminating features for each disorder are highlighted.
  • High-dose intravenous steroids and plasma exchange are primary acute management strategies.
  • Immunosuppression may be required for aggressive disease presentations.

Conclusions:

  • Fulminant demyelinating diseases are severe but treatable neurological conditions.
  • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
  • Prognosis varies, but most patients show improvement with timely intervention.