Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 8, 2026

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
Published on: May 17, 2024
Gynecomastia-like hyperplasia of axillary ectopic breast tissue in a young female
Joseph Shatzel1, Asher Blum, Thaer Khoury
1Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
Abstract:
Gynecomastia-like hyperplasia of orthotopic female breast tissue is a rare entity. We present the singularly unique case of a 22-year-old female who presented with a small axillary mass subsequently discovered to be a discrete deposit of ectopic breast tissue with gynecomastia-like hyperplasia. This case highlights the etiology, variable presentation, and evaluation of ectopic breast tissue.
Related Concept Videos
The Mammary Glands
Each breast features a pigmented projection known as the nipple, through which milk emerges via closely spaced openings of ducts, referred to as lactiferous ducts. Surrounding the nipple is a circular pigmented area of skin named the areola, which appears rough due to...
Cellular Adaptation III: Hyperplasia
Signs of Puberty
Cirrhosis I: Introduction

