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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks01:23

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen
07:44

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Published on: May 12, 2023

Measles elimination: progress, challenges and implications for rubella control.

Felicity T Cutts1, Justin Lessler, Charlotte J E Metcalf

  • 1London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK. felicity.cutts@lshtm.ac.uk

Expert Review of Vaccines
|August 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Measles and rubella vaccination efforts have saved millions of lives, but outbreaks persist due to gaps in coverage. Strengthening vaccination strategies is crucial for disease elimination.

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Published on: January 26, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Measles and rubella are significant vaccine-preventable diseases causing child mortality and disability.
  • Regional progress towards elimination has been made, notably in the Americas.
  • Global measles vaccination prevents an estimated 2 million deaths annually.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review regional progress in measles and rubella control and elimination.
  • To describe the recent epidemiology of these infections.
  • To discuss challenges hindering the achievement of elimination goals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of regional progress and epidemiological data.
  • Analysis of factors affecting vaccination coverage.
  • Discussion of challenges and strategies for improvement.

Main Results:

  • Despite progress, large measles outbreaks have occurred, affecting unvaccinated older populations.
  • These outbreaks pose a risk to rubella control and congenital rubella syndrome prevention.
  • Challenges include conflict, weak health systems, access barriers, and data utilization.

Conclusions:

  • Achieving and sustaining high vaccination coverage is essential for measles and rubella elimination.
  • Improved implementation and monitoring of routine and campaign vaccination strategies are urgently needed.
  • Addressing systemic barriers is critical for global disease control.