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Related Concept Videos

Somatic Spinal Reflexes01:22

Somatic Spinal Reflexes

Somatic spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary muscular responses to external stimuli that involve the somatic musculature and the spinal cord.
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
Unlike...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Spasmolytic Agents: Chemical Classification01:29

Spasmolytic Agents: Chemical Classification

Spasmolytic agents are drugs used to alleviate muscle spasms and spasticity. They can be categorized into different chemical groups based on their mechanisms of action. Centrally acting spasmolytics primarily affect the spinal cord, while others directly target skeletal muscle cells.
A major class of centrally acting spasmolytics is the α2-agonist, such as tizanidine. These drugs bind to α2-adrenoceptors, inhibiting the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. They also promote...
Irritable Bowel Syndrome01:23

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

DefinitionIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent combinations of abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation.Pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndromeIts pathophysiology is multifactorial, involving disturbances in motility, sensory processing, microbial balance, barrier integrity, and gut–brain communication. These mechanisms interact to produce symptoms that vary across IBS subtypes.Altered Motility PatternsDisordered...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Biomechanical Changes Related to Low Back Pain: An Innovative Tool for Movement Pattern Assessment and Treatment Evaluation in Rehabilitation
06:28

Biomechanical Changes Related to Low Back Pain: An Innovative Tool for Movement Pattern Assessment and Treatment Evaluation in Rehabilitation

Published on: December 13, 2024

[Back pain and somatisation].

Josef Jenewein1

  • 1Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsspital Zürich.

Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique
|August 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Back pain is common in somatoform disorders, affecting 10-20% of patients. Treatment involves psychological interventions, physical activity, and antidepressants for effective back pain management.

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Back Mechanical Sensitivity Assessment in the Rat for Mechanistic Investigation of Chronic Back Pain
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Back Mechanical Sensitivity Assessment in the Rat for Mechanistic Investigation of Chronic Back Pain

Published on: August 30, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Pain Medicine
  • Psychosomatic Medicine

Context:

  • Back pain is a prevalent condition.
  • Somatoform disorders frequently co-occur with back pain.
  • 10-20% of back pain patients have somatoform pain disorders.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the association between back pain and somatoform disorders.
  • To differentiate somatoform pain disorders from other chronic pain conditions.
  • To outline current treatment strategies for back pain in this population.

Summary:

  • Back pain is frequently observed in patients with somatoform disorders, specifically somatisation and somatoform pain disorders.
  • A significant percentage of chronic back pain patients exhibit psychiatric comorbidities, including depression and anxiety disorders.
  • Distinguishing somatoform pain disorders from fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome is crucial for accurate diagnosis.

Impact:

  • Improved diagnostic accuracy for chronic back pain patients.
  • Enhanced understanding of the interplay between psychological factors and physical pain.
  • Guidance for multidisciplinary treatment approaches integrating psychological and physical therapies.