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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion01:15

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion

Once the process of glomerular filtration is completed, blood carrying unfiltered drug molecules traverses through efferent arterioles and makes its way into the peritubular capillaries in the proximal tubule. A variety of carriers play a pivotal role in actively secreting drugs from these peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid. The organic anion transporter transfers acidic drugs, against an electrochemical gradient, from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule cells and...
Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Reabsorption01:22

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Reabsorption

During the process of renal excretion, as the glomerular filtrate progresses to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), drugs that are highly permeable, lipophilic, and nonionized undergo passive reabsorption from the tubular fluid into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. This reabsorption process restricts their elimination through the kidneys. However, the majority of drugs are either weak acids or weak bases, and their ionization level is dependent on pH. By altering the pH of urine, the...
Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Hemoperfusion and Hemofiltration01:25

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Hemoperfusion and Hemofiltration

Hemoperfusion and hemofiltration are critical techniques in medical treatments to eliminate accumulated drugs, metabolites, and electrolytes from the bloodstream. These methods are particularly vital in cases of accidental poisoning and drug overdose.Hemoperfusion involves passing blood through an adsorbent material to remove unwanted substances. The main adsorbents used in hemoperfusion include activated charcoal and Amberlite resins. Activated charcoal can adsorb both polar and nonpolar...
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...

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A Facile Synthetic Method to Obtain Bismuth Oxyiodide Microspheres Highly Functional for the Photocatalytic Processes of Water Depuration
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Bentonite for ciprofloxacin removal from aqueous solution.

Nevim Genç1, Esra Can Dogan, Meral Yurtsever

  • 1Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey

Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research
|August 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Bentonite effectively removes ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP) antibiotic residues from water. Optimal conditions include a 30-minute contact time and a pH of 4.5, demonstrating bentonite

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Published on: June 28, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Water Treatment Technologies

Background:

  • Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP), a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is frequently detected in wastewater and surface water.
  • CIP exhibits high solubility and soil stability, posing challenges for conventional removal methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of bentonite as an adsorbent for removing CIP from aqueous solutions.
  • To optimize adsorption parameters for efficient CIP removal.

Main Methods:

  • Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to study the effects of contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, agitation speed, ionic strength, and initial CIP concentration.
  • Adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies were performed to model the removal process.

Main Results:

  • Optimal conditions for CIP removal by bentonite were determined as 30 min contact time, pH 4.5, 150 rpm agitation speed, and 2.5 g L(-1) adsorbent dosage.
  • Increased ionic strength from 5 to 50 mM reduced CIP adsorption from 97.8% to 93.4%.
  • Adsorption data best fitted the Langmuir model (Kl = 0.27 L mg(-1), qe = 147.06 mg g(-1)) and pseudo-second order kinetics (k = 2.19 g mg(-1) h(-1)).

Conclusions:

  • Bentonite is a highly effective adsorbent for removing ciprofloxacin hydrochloride from aqueous solutions.
  • The study provides crucial parameters for optimizing bentonite-based water treatment for fluoroquinolone removal.