Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation01:13

Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation

The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
Organization of the Brain01:30

Organization of the Brain

The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Spontaneous emergence of fast attractor dynamics in a model of developing primary visual cortex.

Nature communications·2016
Same author

Imagery May Arise from Associations Formed through Sensory Experience: A Network of Spiking Neurons Controlling a Robot Learns Visual Sequences in Order to Perform a Mental Rotation Task.

PloS one·2016
Same author

Physical evidence supporting a ribosomal shunting mechanism of translation initiation for BACE1 mRNA.

Translation (Austin, Tex.)·2016
Same author

Temporal sequence learning in winner-take-all networks of spiking neurons demonstrated in a brain-based device.

Frontiers in neurorobotics·2013
Same author

Versatile networks of simulated spiking neurons displaying winner-take-all behavior.

Frontiers in computational neuroscience·2013
Same author

Biology of consciousness.

Frontiers in psychology·2011

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Perspectives on Neuroscience
26:41

Perspectives on Neuroscience

Published on: July 31, 2007

Reentry: a key mechanism for integration of brain function.

Gerald M Edelman1, Joseph A Gally

  • 1The Neurosciences Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience
|August 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Reentry, the bidirectional communication between brain areas, is a crucial mechanism for integrating neural function. This fundamental process in vertebrate brains supports the development and evolution of complex neural architectures.

Keywords:
brain functionconsciousnesscorticocortical networksfiber tractsreentrywhite matter

More Related Videos

Studying the Integration of Adult-born Neurons
09:00

Studying the Integration of Adult-born Neurons

Published on: March 25, 2011

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Perspectives on Neuroscience
26:41

Perspectives on Neuroscience

Published on: July 31, 2007

Studying the Integration of Adult-born Neurons
09:00

Studying the Integration of Adult-born Neurons

Published on: March 25, 2011

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Reentry describes bidirectional signal exchange along reciprocal axonal fibers connecting brain regions.
  • First proposed in 1977-1978, reentry was hypothesized as a mechanism to couple cerebral cortex and thalamus functioning.
  • Extensive evidence accumulated since the initial hypothesis supports reentry as a key integrative mechanism in vertebrate brains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the experimental evidence supporting reentry as a fundamental neural mechanism.
  • To highlight the significance of reentry in integrating brain area functioning.
  • To explore hypotheses regarding the developmental and evolutionary aspects of reentrant neural architectures.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental evidence on neural reentry.
  • Analysis of studies supporting the role of reentry in brain function.
  • Synthesis of data to formulate hypotheses on the evolution of reentrant systems.

Main Results:

  • A substantial body of evidence supports reentry as a major integrative mechanism in vertebrate nervous systems.
  • Reentry facilitates the coupling of functioning across multiple brain areas, including the cortex and thalamus.
  • The accumulated data provide a basis for testable hypotheses concerning the development and evolution of reentrant neural architectures.

Conclusions:

  • Reentry is a critical and widespread mechanism for neural integration in vertebrate brains.
  • Understanding reentry is essential for comprehending brain development, evolution, and function.
  • Further research into the mechanisms governing reentrant architectures is warranted.