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Brain resting-state functional MRI connectivity: morphological foundation and plasticity.

Iris Y Zhou1, Yu-Xiang Liang, Russell W Chan

  • 1Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.

Neuroimage
|August 31, 2013
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Summary

Axonal projections form the basis of brain functional connectivity measured by resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI). This study shows rsfMRI connectivity is adaptable and can reorganize, demonstrating neural plasticity.

Keywords:
Axonal projectionsConnectivityFunctional MRIPlasticityResting-state network

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Brain Connectivity

Background:

  • Resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) is widely used to map brain functional organization.
  • The underlying mechanisms and plasticity of rsfMRI-derived functional connections remain poorly understood.
  • Direct evidence linking morphological connections, specifically axonal projections, to rsfMRI connectivity is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of axonal projections in establishing and maintaining rsfMRI connectivity.
  • To examine the plasticity of rsfMRI connectivity in response to disruptions in axonal pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study using rodent models with complete and partial corpus callosotomy.
  • High-field (7T) rsfMRI, intracortical electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, and manganese (Mn(2+)) enhanced MRI tracing.
  • Assessment of interhemispheric and intrahemispheric functional connectivity at different time points post-surgery.

Main Results:

  • Severing corpus callosal connections significantly reduced interhemispheric rsfMRI connectivity.
  • Restoration of interhemispheric connectivity was observed by day 28 in partial callosotomy, but not complete callosotomy, suggesting compensatory mechanisms.
  • Increased intrahemispheric functional connectivity was noted in both groups at day 28, indicating neural plasticity.

Conclusions:

  • Axonal connections are essential morphological substrates for rsfMRI functional connectivity.
  • Brain functional connectivity exhibits significant plasticity, with dynamic reorganization occurring over morphological connections.
  • Findings highlight the adaptive capacity of the brain's functional networks following structural alterations.