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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

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Quantifying Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in a Tumor Spheroid Model: Application for Drug Discovery
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Quantifying Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in a Tumor Spheroid Model: Application for Drug Discovery

Published on: April 26, 2024

Targeted therapy for breast cancer.

Ali Mohamed1, Kenneth Krajewski1, Burcu Cakar2

  • 1Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.

The American Journal of Pathology
|August 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Targeted therapies offer new hope for breast cancer patients, with agents targeting estrogen receptor (ER) and HER2 pathways showing success. Research is exploring novel targets for all breast cancer subtypes, including triple-negative.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Breast cancer is classified into subtypes: hormone receptor-positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+), and triple-negative.
  • Targeted therapies against ER and HER2 are effective but face resistance challenges.
  • Emerging research identifies novel therapeutic targets across breast cancer subtypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and developing targeted agents for breast cancer treatment.
  • To discuss targeted therapies within the context of the three major clinical subgroups.
  • To highlight the need for effective treatments for triple-negative breast cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of targeted agents in breast cancer treatment.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data for novel therapeutic pathways.
  • Categorization of agents based on breast cancer subtype.

Main Results:

  • Established targeted agents for ER(+) and HER2(+) breast cancer exist, with some facing resistance.
  • Novel targets in PI3K/mTOR, cell-cycle, heat shock protein, and epigenetic pathways show promise.
  • Everolimus (mTOR inhibitor) is approved for advanced ER(+) breast cancer resistant to aromatase inhibitors.
  • No established targeted agents are currently available for triple-negative breast cancer.
  • Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors show potential for BRCA-related cancers but require further study in triple-negative breast cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted therapies are revolutionizing breast cancer treatment by addressing specific molecular pathways.
  • Continued research into novel targets and overcoming resistance is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
  • Addressing the unmet need for effective treatments for triple-negative breast cancer remains a priority.