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Related Concept Videos

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Non-nuclear Inheritance01:29

Non-nuclear Inheritance

Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

An Array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Platform for Efficient Detection of Copy Number Variations in Fast Neutron-induced Medicago truncatula Mutants
09:32

An Array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Platform for Efficient Detection of Copy Number Variations in Fast Neutron-induced Medicago truncatula Mutants

Published on: November 8, 2017

Copy number polymorphism in plant genomes.

Agnieszka Żmieńko1, Anna Samelak, Piotr Kozłowski

  • 1Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, Poznan, Poland.

TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Theoretische Und Angewandte Genetik
|August 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Copy number variants (CNVs) are DNA changes impacting genetic variation and disease risk in humans. In plants, CNVs are prevalent, influencing genome evolution and important traits like stress resistance.

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

An Array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Platform for Efficient Detection of Copy Number Variations in Fast Neutron-induced Medicago truncatula Mutants
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Detection of Copy Number Alterations Using Single Cell Sequencing

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Generating Transgenic Plants with Single-copy Insertions Using BIBAC-GW Binary Vector
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Generating Transgenic Plants with Single-copy Insertions Using BIBAC-GW Binary Vector

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Population Genetics
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Copy number variants (CNVs) are significant sources of genetic variation, alongside SNPs and indels.
  • CNVs impact human phenotype and are linked to disease risk.
  • Research into plant CNVs is emerging, revealing their prevalence and evolutionary role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the extent and significance of copy number variation in plant genomes.
  • To understand the role of CNVs in plant genome evolution and adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic analyses were conducted to identify and characterize CNVs across plant chromosomes.
  • Comparison of CNV distribution in different plant species, including outcrossing and autogamous types.
  • Investigation of CNV association with intergenic and protein-coding regions.

Main Results:

  • CNVs are prevalent in plants and have substantially shaped plant genome evolution.
  • CNVs occur across all chromosomes, with specific hotspots, and frequently involve gene families.
  • While often having modest effects, specific CNVs are linked to crucial plant traits (flowering time, height, stress resistance).

Conclusions:

  • CNVs are a major driver of genetic diversity and evolution in plants.
  • CNVs can rapidly emerge in response to environmental stress, suggesting adaptive potential.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functional impact of CNVs on plant traits and adaptation.