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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Urinary Bladder Distention Evoked Visceromotor Responses as a Model for Bladder Pain in Mice
11:46

Urinary Bladder Distention Evoked Visceromotor Responses as a Model for Bladder Pain in Mice

Published on: April 27, 2014

Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis is associated with hyperthyroidism.

Shiu-Dong Chung1, Shih-Ping Liu, Ching-Chun Lin

  • 1Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Banciao, Taipei, Taiwan.

Plos One
|August 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study found that women with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) were more likely to have a prior diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. Clinicians should consider this association when treating patients with BPS/IC.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Urology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) etiology is unclear, but often involves autonomic nervous system comorbidities.
  • No prior studies have investigated the association between hyperthyroidism and BPS/IC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between a prior diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and BPS/IC in a Taiwanese population.

Main Methods:

  • A conditional logistic regression analysis was performed.
  • Data were retrieved from Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database.
  • The study included 736 female BPS/IC cases and 2208 randomly selected female controls.

Main Results:

  • A significantly higher prevalence of prior hyperthyroidism was observed in BPS/IC cases (3.3%) compared to controls (1.5%), with a p-value < 0.001.
  • The odds ratio (OR) for prior hyperthyroidism among BPS/IC cases was 2.16 (95% CI: 1.27–3.66).
  • After adjusting for multiple comorbidities, the OR remained significant at 2.01 (95% CI: 1.15–3.53).

Conclusions:

  • The study indicates a significant association between hyperthyroidism and BPS/IC.
  • Healthcare providers should be vigilant for urinary symptoms in female patients diagnosed with hyperthyroidism.