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Related Concept Videos

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice
07:02

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2019

Type 3 deiodinase and solid tumors: an intriguing pair.

Monica Dentice1, Dario Antonini, Domenico Salvatore

  • 1University of Naples 'Federico II', Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , Naples , Italy +39 081 7463780 ; +39 081 7463668 ; domsalva@unina.it.

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets
|September 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Type 3 deiodinase (D3), an enzyme that inactivates thyroid hormone (TH), is reactivated in cancers like basal cell carcinoma and colon cancer, promoting cell proliferation. Understanding D3

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice
07:02

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism is regulated by deiodinase enzymes.
  • Type 3 deiodinase (D3) inactivates TH and is an oncofetal protein.
  • D3 re-activation in adult tissues correlates with hyperproliferation and solid tumors, suggesting a link to carcinogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review recent advances in D3 research.
  • Highlight the role of D3 regulation and function in solid tumors.
  • Explore the connection between TH metabolism and cancer biology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on D3.
  • Analysis of D3 overexpression in basal cell carcinomas (BCCs).
  • Examination of D3's role in colon cancer proliferation.

Main Results:

  • D3 is overexpressed in BCCs and promotes their proliferation.
  • D3's function in colon cancer suggests a neoplastic program of TH signal attenuation.
  • D3's role in cancer is a significant area of ongoing research.

Conclusions:

  • Unraveling TH metabolism in cancer is crucial for developing novel cancer therapies.
  • D3's involvement in cancer highlights potential therapeutic targets.
  • Further research into deiodinase-mediated TH metabolism in cancer is warranted.