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Related Concept Videos

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively manages...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood glucose levels...
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by the...
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a significant...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are typically...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Sulfonylureas01:17

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Sulfonylureas

Sulfonylureas are oral hypoglycemic agents utilized in treating type 2 diabetes. They are characterized by their unique sulfonylurea chemical structure. The family of sulfonylureas is divided into generations. First-generation sulfonylureas, including tolbutamide (Orinase), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), and tolazamide (Tolinase), trigger insulin release from pancreatic β cells and enhance peripheral tissues' insulin sensitivity. The second-generation members, such as glipizide (Glucotrol),...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion
07:30

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion

Published on: May 10, 2018

Mitiglinide for type 2 diabetes treatment.

Haley M Phillippe1, Kurt A Wargo

  • 1Associate Clinical Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy , 301 Governors Drive, Huntsville, AL 35801 , USA.

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
|September 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Mitiglinide effectively lowers A1C in type 2 diabetes patients, with hypoglycemia as the main side effect. Its selective action may benefit patients with kidney issues or high hypoglycemia risk.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Therapeutics
  • Endocrinology
  • Diabetes Management

Background:

  • Mitiglinide is an approved rapid-acting insulin secretion-stimulating agent in Japan for type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
  • Meglitinides are not recommended as monotherapy but can be an add-on to metformin for persistent postprandial hyperglycemia.
  • Repaglinide and nateglinide are the only FDA-approved meglitinides in the US.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, and therapeutic role of mitiglinide.
  • To evaluate the clinical impact and potential utility of mitiglinide in T2DM management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of Phase II and III clinical studies on mitiglinide therapy.
  • Analysis of data on A1C reduction, adverse effects, and drug properties.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion
07:30

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion

Published on: May 10, 2018

Main Results:

  • Mitiglinide therapy is associated with an expected A1C decrease of 0.17% to 1.1%.
  • Hypoglycemia was the most frequently reported adverse effect in clinical studies.

Conclusions:

  • Mitiglinide exhibits selective action on pancreatic β-cells with higher affinity and limited metabolism compared to other meglitinides.
  • These properties suggest potential utility in patients with chronic kidney disease or those at high risk of hypoglycemia.
  • The primary role of mitiglinide is managing elevated postprandial glucose in T2DM patients.