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Feedback Loops01:01

Feedback Loops

In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Feedback Inhibition00:46

Feedback Inhibition

Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!
Proofreading01:43

Proofreading

Overview
Proofreading01:31

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore,  it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase Enzyme
Internal Receptors01:31

Internal Receptors

Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

An In Vitro Approach to Photodynamic Therapy
04:53

An In Vitro Approach to Photodynamic Therapy

Published on: August 17, 2018

Author's Reply

Shahin Sheibani-Rad

    Arthroscopy : the Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery : Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association
    |September 3, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary

    No abstract available in PubMed .

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 8, 2026

    An In Vitro Approach to Photodynamic Therapy
    04:53

    An In Vitro Approach to Photodynamic Therapy

    Published on: August 17, 2018