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Related Concept Videos

Trachea01:22

Trachea

The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a vital part of the human respiratory system. It serves as a passageway for air to travel between the larynx and the bronchi, allowing oxygen to reach the lungs. Let's explore its anatomical features, dimensions, layers of the tracheal wall, associated muscles, and the functions of its parts.
Anatomical Features:
Location: About half of the trachea is situated in the neck, anterior to the esophagus, and extends from the larynx (at the level of the...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway interventions are...
Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy01:30

Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy

Endoscopy is a non-surgical medical technique used to examine a person's internal organs and vessels. This lesson will focus on two types of endoscopic studies: bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy.
Bronchoscopy
Description
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due to...
Oxygen Delivering System III: Tracheostomy and T-piece01:23

Oxygen Delivering System III: Tracheostomy and T-piece

Oxygen delivery is critical in clinical care, especially for patients with respiratory disorders or those undergoing surgical procedures. Various systems, such as tracheostomy and the T-piece, deliver oxygen to the lungs, ensuring adequate arterial oxygenation.
Tracheostomy
A tracheostomy is a surgically created opening (stoma) in the anterior part of the trachea. It is used to establish a patient airway, bypass an upper airway obstruction, simplify the removal of secretions, permit long-term...
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
04:09

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Published on: September 20, 2024

Airway obstruction, caesarean section and thyroidectomy.

M A Hendrie1, M M Kumar

  • 1Department of Anaesthetics, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK.

International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia
|September 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare case of pregnancy airway obstruction due to a large goiter was successfully managed with an urgent cesarean and thyroidectomy. This multidisciplinary approach ensured the safety of both mother and child during the complex procedure.

Keywords:
Airway obstructionCaesarean sectionFibreoptic intubationThyroidectomy

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Mixed Reality Assisted Radical Endoscopic Thyroidectomy

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
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Mixed Reality Assisted Radical Endoscopic Thyroidectomy
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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Anesthesiology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Airway obstruction during pregnancy is uncommon, posing significant risks to both mother and fetus.
  • Obesity (BMI 47 kg/m2) and a large multinodular goiter complicated airway management in this pregnant patient.
  • The patient initially deferred thyroid surgery until postpartum due to pregnancy.

Observation:

  • A 39-year-old nulliparous woman presented with airway symptoms secondary to tracheal compression from a large goiter.
  • Worsening hypertension necessitated an urgent cesarean delivery and thyroidectomy at 32 weeks gestation.
  • Awake fiberoptic intubation was chosen for general anesthesia due to anticipated airway difficulties.

Findings:

  • The cesarean section successfully delivered a healthy infant.
  • A total thyroidectomy was performed following the delivery.
  • Postoperative monitoring for tracheomalacia was critical, with the patient recovering in a surgical high-dependency unit.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary team in managing rare obstetric emergencies.
  • Successful anesthetic and surgical management is achievable even in complex cases of airway obstruction during pregnancy.
  • Careful preoperative assessment and planning are crucial for optimizing outcomes in pregnant patients with airway compromise.