Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 8, 2026

Systematic Bronchoscopy: the Four Landmarks Approach
Published on: June 23, 2023
Flexible bronchoscopy
Roberto F Casal1, David E Ost, George A Eapen
1Interventional Pulmonology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Abstract:
Although bronchoscopy technology continues to evolve at a fairly rapid pace, basic procedures, such as bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial lung biopsy, and transbronchial needle aspiration, continue to play a paramount role in the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary diseases. Pulmonologists should be trained in these basic bronchoscopic procedures.
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