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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
Transposons01:24

Transposons

Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
04:04

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity

Published on: January 20, 2023

Transposase concentration controls transposition activity: myth or reality?

Solenne Bire1, Sophie Casteret, Ahmed Arnaoty

  • 1PRC, UMR INRA-CNRS 7247, Centre INRA Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly Cedex, France.

Gene
|September 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

DNA transposons self-regulate transposition via overproduction inhibition (OPI). This review explores how eukaryotic transposases form foci, potentially protecting genomes from damage.

Keywords:
Dense fociHobo-Ac-TamIS630-Tc1-marinerITOCITRsITmLEIAOPIOverproduction inhibitionSTATOCTEsTransposase oligomersTranspositionhATinhibition by transposase overconcentrationinverted terminal repeatslinear or exponential increase of transposition activityoverproduction inhibitionsaturated transposition activity by transposase overconcentrationtransposable elements

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Creation of a Dense Transposon Insertion Library Using Bacterial Conjugation in Enterobacterial Strains Such As Escherichia Coli or Shigella flexneri
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Generation of Enterobacter sp. YSU Auxotrophs Using Transposon Mutagenesis
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Generation of Enterobacter sp. YSU Auxotrophs Using Transposon Mutagenesis

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Generation of Enterobacter sp. YSU Auxotrophs Using Transposon Mutagenesis
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Generation of Enterobacter sp. YSU Auxotrophs Using Transposon Mutagenesis

Published on: October 31, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Understanding DNA transposon regulation is key to their genomic function.
  • Overproduction inhibition (OPI) is a proposed self-regulation mechanism for DNA transposons.
  • Contradictory findings exist regarding OPI, its cellular compartment, and transposase aggregation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and explain the mechanisms of OPI in eukaryotic DNA transposons.
  • To investigate transposase aggregation and localization upon overexpression.
  • To elucidate how transposase behavior impacts genome stability.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of eukaryotic transposon OPI mechanisms.
  • Analysis of data on IS630-Tc1-mariner, Hobo-Ac-Tam, and piggyBac superfamilies.
  • Investigation of GFP-fused transposase localization and aggregation in cells.

Main Results:

  • Eukaryotic transposons from key superfamilies utilize OPI for self-regulation.
  • Transposases can form higher-order soluble oligomers.
  • Overexpressed transposases aggregate into dense foci in specific cellular compartments.

Conclusions:

  • OPI is a conserved mechanism for DNA transposon regulation in eukaryotes.
  • Transposase aggregation into foci, including cytoplasmic, nucleoplasmic, or nucleolar sites, is observed.
  • Sequestration in foci may protect the genome from potentially genotoxic transposase activities.