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Oxidation-specific epitopes as targets for biotheranostic applications in humans: biomarkers, molecular imaging and

Yury I Miller1, Sotirios Tsimikas

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.

Current Opinion in Lipidology
|September 3, 2013
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Antibodies targeting oxidation-specific epitopes (OSEs) show promise for cardiovascular disease (CVD) biotheranostics. These antibodies can serve as biomarkers, therapeutics, and imaging agents for diagnosing and treating atherosclerosis.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Immunology
  • Biomarker Development

Background:

  • Atherogenesis involves chronic inflammation driven by oxidation-specific epitopes (OSEs), which are immunogenic and promote plaque instability.
  • OSEs, including oxidized phospholipids (OxPL), act as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) recognized by the innate immune system.
  • The innate immune system interacts with OSEs via pattern recognition receptors, influencing inflammation and clearance pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the translational potential of antibodies targeting OSEs in cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • To define 'biotheranostics' in CVD as the application of OSE-targeting antibodies for biomarker, therapeutic, and diagnostic purposes.
  • To review recent findings on OSEs and their role in atherogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of emerging data on OSEs and their role in cardiovascular disease.
  • Analysis of biomarker assays measuring OxPL for CVD event prediction.
  • Evaluation of oxidation-specific antibodies in preclinical models for imaging and therapeutic intervention.

Main Results:

  • Biomarker assays for OxPL, particularly on lipoprotein (a), predict CVD events.
  • OxPL on plasminogen may reduce atherothrombosis by facilitating fibrinolysis.
  • Oxidation-specific antibodies show potential for imaging OSE-rich plaques and reducing atherosclerosis progression in preclinical studies.
  • Antibody-based interventions may neutralize OSEs, prevent foam cell formation, and reduce plaque progression.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interplay of oxidation, inflammation, and immunity in atherogenesis is crucial.
  • Emerging clinical applications of oxidation-specific antibodies offer new avenues for CVD management.
  • OSE-targeting antibodies hold promise for identifying, monitoring, and treating cardiovascular disease in humans.

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