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A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

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Midlife cardiovascular risk impacts executive function: Framingham offspring study.

Arvind Nishtala¹, Sarah R Preis, Alexa Beiser

¹*Framingham Heart Study, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine †Framingham Heart Study, Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA.

Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders

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Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiovascular risk factors, including diabetes and sex, are linked to executive function (EF) impairments. Novel error scores, not traditional measures, revealed these executive function deficits in middle-aged adults.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cardiology
Gerontology

Background:

Cardiovascular risk factors may impact cognitive function over time.
Previous research suggests a link between cardiovascular health and executive function (EF).
This study investigates the relationship between early cardiovascular risk and later EF performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the association between the Framingham Stroke Risk Profile (FSRP) and executive function (EF) measures.
To determine if novel error scores in EF tests are more sensitive to cardiovascular risk than traditional scores.
To explore the influence of cardiovascular risk factors on cognitive performance in middle-aged adults.

Main Methods:

Utilized data from 1755 Framingham Offspring participants (1991-1995 for FSRP, 2005-2009 for EF tests).
Assessed cardiovascular risk using the Framingham Stroke Risk Profile (FSRP).
Administered executive function tests including Fluency tests, Trail Making Test B, and Digit Span-Backwards, analyzing both traditional scores and novel error patterns.

Main Results:

The FSRP and its components (diabetes, sex) were associated with several traditional EF measures.
Novel error scores, specifically Trail Making Test B Total Errors and Digit Span-Backwards errors and capacity, showed significant relationships with the FSRP.
Prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD) was linked to specific error types in fluency tests, while traditional EF scores showed no association with FSRP or CVD.

Conclusions:

Cardiovascular risk factors, even in middle-aged and healthy individuals, are associated with executive function impairments.
Novel error-based EF assessments appear more sensitive to cardiovascular influences than traditional EF scores.
These findings highlight the importance of considering cardiovascular health in understanding cognitive aging and executive function.