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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Why do migraines often decrease as we age?

Frederick G Freitag¹

¹Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 53226, USA. dhcdoc@gmail.com

Current Pain and Headache Reports

|September 3, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Migraine presentations evolve throughout life, influenced by genetics and environmental factors. The inflammatory system also plays a key role in migraine

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Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

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Published on: June 2, 2014

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Published on: July 29, 2021

Area of Science:

Neurology
Immunology

Background:

Migraine exhibits dynamic changes throughout formative years and remission periods.
Genetic predispositions may initiate migraine processes.
Environmental factors significantly influence migraine expression over a lifetime.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the multifaceted nature of migraine development and presentation.
To investigate the role of non-neurologic systems in migraine.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal observation of migraine states.
Analysis of genetic and environmental influences.
Exploration of systemic interactions, including the inflammatory system.

Main Results:

Migraine progression shows similarities between early development and remission phases.
Genetic and environmental factors interact to shape migraine phenotypes.
The inflammatory system is implicated in modulating migraine processes and clinical manifestations.

Conclusions:

Migraine is a complex, dynamic neurological disorder influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and systemic factors.
The inflammatory system represents a significant, yet often overlooked, modulator of migraine.
Understanding these interactions is crucial for a comprehensive approach to migraine management.