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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders
08:33

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders

Published on: December 4, 2014

Olfactory dysfunction and olfactory bulb volume reduction in patients with leprosy.

Bayram Veyseller1, Fadlullah Aksoy, Yavuz Selim Yildirim

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Bezmialem Vakif University, Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India
|September 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Leprosy patients exhibit significant olfactory dysfunction, including anosmia or severe hyposmia. This study reveals that leprosy reduces olfactory bulb volume, a finding not previously documented in leprosy patients.

Keywords:
AnosmiaHyposmiaLeprosyMRIOlfactory bulb volumeOrthonasalSmell

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Olfactory dysfunction is a potential complication in various neurological and infectious diseases.
  • Leprosy, a chronic infectious disease, can affect multiple systems, but its impact on olfaction is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify olfactory dysfunction in leprosy patients.
  • To investigate the association between leprosy and olfactory bulb (OB) volume.
  • To determine if leprosy pathophysiology impacts OB volume.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure OB volume in 15 leprosy patients and 15 healthy controls.
  • Participants underwent detailed medical history to exclude other causes of smell dysfunction.
  • Orthonasal olfaction testing was performed to assess smell function.

Main Results:

  • All leprosy patients presented with anosmia (complete loss of smell) or severe hyposmia (reduced smell).
  • Leprosy patients showed a significantly reduced OB volume compared to the control group.
  • No significant difference in OB volume was observed between the right and left sides within either group.

Conclusions:

  • Leprosy is associated with severe olfactory dysfunction.
  • The study provides the first evidence of reduced olfactory bulb volume in patients with leprosy.
  • These findings suggest that leprosy pathophysiology directly impacts the olfactory bulb.