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Related Concept Videos

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus
13:41

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus

Published on: March 8, 2012

Human papillomavirus genome variants.

Robert D Burk1, Ariana Harari, Zigui Chen

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA.

Virology
|September 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) pathogenic types are classified by genetic distances. Full genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis are now defining HPV variant lineages, aiding in understanding HPV pathogenesis.

Keywords:
AlphapapillomavirusesHPVHPV evolutionHPV variant lineagesHuman papillomavirus variants

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In situ Subcellular Fractionation of Adherent and Non-adherent Mammalian Cells
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In situ Subcellular Fractionation of Adherent and Non-adherent Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 23, 2010

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Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus
13:41

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus

Published on: March 8, 2012

In situ Subcellular Fractionation of Adherent and Non-adherent Mammalian Cells
09:20

In situ Subcellular Fractionation of Adherent and Non-adherent Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 23, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), particularly within the Alphapapillomavirus genus, are uniquely pathogenic.
  • HPV classification into species and types relies on genetic distances between viral genomes.
  • Current circulating HPVs have co-evolved with human population expansion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the history and disease associations of HPV variants.
  • To highlight the recent utilization of full genome sequence information for HPV variant analyses.
  • To establish a basis for defining the genetics of HPV pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Initial variant identification using restriction enzyme polymorphisms.
  • Subsequent variant identification through viral fragment sequence determination.
  • Current analysis employing full viral genome sequences, multiple sequence alignments, and phylogenetic analyses.

Main Results:

  • Phylogenetic analyses of complete HPV genomes define variant lineages and sublineages.
  • Empirically defined genetic differences of 1.0-10.0% and 0.5-1.0% distinguish lineages and sublineages, respectively.
  • Full genome data provides a robust framework for variant classification.

Conclusions:

  • Full genome sequencing offers a powerful approach for detailed HPV variant analysis.
  • Understanding HPV variant genetics is crucial for elucidating HPV pathogenesis.
  • This approach provides a foundation for future studies on HPV evolution and disease association.