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Related Concept Videos

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
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Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about the way you...
Depressants01:28

Depressants

Depressant drugs, including alcohol and sedative-hypnotics, diminish central nervous system activity by enhancing the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that reduces brain activity and promotes relaxation. These substances can have various therapeutic uses but also pose significant risks, especially when misused or combined.
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Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

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Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.

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Murine Drinking Models in the Development of Pharmacotherapies for Alcoholism: Drinking in the Dark and Two-bottle Choice
07:31

Murine Drinking Models in the Development of Pharmacotherapies for Alcoholism: Drinking in the Dark and Two-bottle Choice

Published on: January 7, 2019

Understanding alcoholism.

Albert Rundio1

  • 1Drexel University, 1505 Race Street, Room #429, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA. aar27@drexel.edu

The Nursing Clinics of North America
|September 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alcohol abuse, particularly ethyl alcohol, impacts all body systems. This article introduces the significant health effects of alcoholism and alcohol absorption.

Keywords:
Alcohol abuseAlcoholismEthyl alcoholMethyl alcohol

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Public Health
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Ethanol is a psychoactive substance with significant health implications.
  • Alcohol abuse detrimentally affects multiple physiological systems.
  • Understanding alcohol's absorption is crucial for assessing its impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the diverse health effects of alcoholism.
  • To differentiate between ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol.
  • To provide a foundational understanding of alcohol's physiological consequences.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on alcohol consumption and health.
  • Analysis of toxicological data concerning ethanol and methanol.
  • Synthesis of information on alcohol absorption and systemic effects.

Main Results:

  • Alcohol, specifically ethyl alcohol, is rapidly absorbed throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Alcoholism negatively impacts nearly every major bodily system.
  • Distinguishing between different types of alcohol (e.g., ethyl vs. methyl) is important for understanding toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Alcohol abuse poses widespread health risks affecting multiple organ systems.
  • Early recognition and understanding of alcoholism's effects are vital for public health.
  • Further research into the specific mechanisms of alcohol-induced damage is warranted.