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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
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Neurotransmitters are essential chemical messengers within the nervous system, facilitating the communication between neurons. These chemical messengers, varying in function and effect, are critical for sustaining various aspects of neurological health and emotional well-being.
Exocytosis00:51

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Exocytosis00:50

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Exocytosis is a process that releases molecules outside the cell. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
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Neurons as Communicators of the Brain01:22

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Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, function as the primary transmitters of information throughout the body. Their ability to communicate through electrical and chemical signals is vital for every bodily function, from regulating the heartbeat to processing complex thoughts. Each neuron has three main components: the cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon, each specialized to facilitate swift and efficient neural communication.
Cell Body
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Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...

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Extraction of Extracellular Vesicles from Whole Tissue
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Published on: February 7, 2019

Exosomes function in cell-cell communication during brain circuit development.

Pranav Sharma1, Lucio Schiapparelli, Hollis T Cline

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.

Current Opinion in Neurobiology
|September 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exosomes, tiny vesicles, are crucial for cell communication in the brain. This review highlights their emerging role in brain development and function, beyond disease states.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Extracellular Vesicles

Background:

  • Exosomes facilitate intercellular communication in the brain without direct cell contact.
  • Exosomes are implicated in neurological diseases and nerve trauma.
  • The role of exosomes in normal brain development and function remains largely underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing data supporting the function of exosomes in the brain.
  • To build a case for exosome-mediated signaling in brain development and function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on exosomes in the central nervous system.
  • Analysis of data linking exosome function to brain development and neurological processes.

Main Results:

  • Exosomes are increasingly recognized for their signaling capabilities within the brain.
  • Evidence suggests exosomes are involved in essential brain functions, not solely in pathology.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomes represent a significant mechanism for intercellular signaling in the brain.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the role of exosomes in brain development and function.