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Updated: May 8, 2026

Analyzing Supercomplexes of the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain with Native Electrophoresis, In-gel Assays, and Electroelution
Published on: June 1, 2017
Current advances in research of cytochrome c oxidase
1Department of Chemistry, Institute for Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia, dpopovic@chem.bg.ac.rs.
Abstract:
The function of cytochrome c oxidase as a biomolecular nanomachine that transforms energy of redox reaction into protonmotive force across a biological membrane has been subject of intense research, debate, and controversy. The structure of the enzyme has been solved for several organisms; however details of its molecular mechanism of proton pumping still remain elusive. Particularly, the identity of the proton pumping site, the key element of the mechanism, is still open to dispute. The pumping mechanism has been for a long time one of the key unsolved issues of bioenergetics and biochemistry, but with the accelerating progress in this field many important details and principles have emerged. Current advances in cytochrome oxidase research are reviewed here, along with a brief discussion of the most complete proton pumping mechanism proposed to date, and a molecular basis for control of its efficiency.
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