Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

A Neonatal BALB/c Mouse Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
05:39

A Neonatal BALB/c Mouse Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Published on: November 30, 2021

Sex-specific trends in under-five mortality in rural Ballabgarh

Anand Krishnan1, N G Nawi, Peter Byass

  • 1Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; *Umea Centre for Global Health Research, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Sweden and #Department of Community Health, St. Stephens Hospital, Delhi, India. Correspondence to: Dr Anand Krishnan, Additional Professor, Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India. kanandiyer@yahoo.com.

Indian Pediatrics
|September 4, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Child survival in India shows significant gender disparities, with girls experiencing higher mortality rates post-neonatal and in childhood. Addressing neonatal mortality and gender inequities is crucial for reducing overall child deaths.

Area of Science:

  • Demography
  • Public Health
  • Child Survival Research

Background:

  • Child mortality remains a significant public health concern in India.
  • Understanding sex-specific differentials in child survival is essential for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess sex-specific differentials in child survival between 1992 and 2011.
  • To identify trends in under-five mortality rates and their relation to sex.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in Ballabgarh, North India.
  • Examination of sex ratio at birth and under-five mortality rates over a 20-year period.

Main Results:

  • The sex ratio at birth consistently favored boys, with rates ranging from 821 to 866 girls per 1,000 boys.
  • Under-five mortality rates stagnated due to a significant increase in neonatal mortality.
  • Mortality rates were consistently higher for girls than boys in post-neonatal (160-200% higher) and childhood (160-230% higher) periods.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal mortality rates have increased, contributing to stagnant under-five mortality.
  • Significant gender disparities exist in child survival, with girls facing higher risks.
  • Targeted strategies addressing both neonatal mortality and gender inequities are necessary to reduce child mortality in India.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Related Concept Videos

Applications of Life Tables01:22

Applications of Life Tables

Life tables are versatile across various fields, providing a quantitative basis for analyzing mortality and survival rates. Whether used by demographers, actuaries, epidemiologists, or sociologists, life tables offer valuable insights into the dynamics of life and death, facilitating informed decisions in public health, insurance, conservation, and beyond. Their broad applicability highlights the interconnectedness of demographic data with practical outcomes in everyday life and strategic...
Life Tables01:22

Life Tables

A life table is a statistical tool that summarizes the mortality and survival patterns of a population, providing detailed insights into the likelihood of survival or death across different age intervals within a cohort. By organizing data on survival probabilities and mortality rates, life tables offer a clear snapshot of population dynamics over time. They are extensively used in demography, public health, actuarial science, and ecology to analyze life expectancy, design health interventions,...
Lethal Alleles02:41

Lethal Alleles

Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
Relative Risk01:12

Relative Risk

Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...