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Related Concept Videos

Design Consideration01:22

Design Consideration

Designing a structure involves a series of considerations, primarily the material's ultimate strength, calculated through tests that measure changes under increased force until the material reaches its breaking point or limit. The ultimate load, where the material breaks, is divided by its original cross-sectional area, resulting in the ultimate normal stress or strength. The ultimate shearing stress is another significant factor taken into account.
The factor of safety is another key aspect...
A Single-Component System01:24

A Single-Component System

In the field of chemistry, the terms "component" and "phase" hold significant importance. A component refers to a chemically distinct substance in a system that has specific properties. It is chemically homogeneous, meaning it has the same properties throughout. For example, in a mixture of salt and water, both salt and water are considered separate components because they have different chemical properties.On the other hand, a phase is a form of matter that has a consistent chemical...
Fluid Movement Between Compartments01:18

Fluid Movement Between Compartments

The force applied by fluids against a surface, known as hydrostatic pressure, initiates the transfer of fluid among different compartments. Within our blood vessels, the blood's hydrostatic pressure is a result of the heart's pumping action. At the arteriolar end of capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (capillary blood pressure) exceeds the opposing colloid osmotic pressure created primarily by plasma proteins like albumin. This discrepancy in pressure propels plasma and nutrients from the...
Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen01:14

Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen

A device engineer plays a crucial role in designing user interfaces for mobile devices. One such interface is the resistive touchscreen, which fundamentally consists of two metallic layers: a flexible upper layer and a rigid lower layer, separated by a narrow gap. The high resistance between these two layers is a key characteristic of this design.
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Control Systems: Applications01:25

Control Systems: Applications

Electrical engineering plays a pivotal role in our daily lives, with control systems at the heart of many applications, from home appliances to sophisticated space shuttles. Control systems manage and regulate the behavior of devices and processes, ensuring they function safely, correctly, and efficiently.
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Interfacial Electrochemical Methods: Overview01:06

Interfacial Electrochemical Methods: Overview

Interfacial electrochemical methods focus on the phenomena occurring at the boundary between an electrode and a solution, as opposed to bulk methods that concentrate on the solution's overall properties. These interfacial methods are classified as either static or dynamic based on the presence of a nonzero current in the electrochemical cell and the consistency of analyte concentrations. Static methods, such as potentiometry, measure the cell's potential without any significant current passing...

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Updated: May 8, 2026

Sandwich-like Microenvironments to Harness Cell/Material Interactions
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Sandwich-like Microenvironments to Harness Cell/Material Interactions

Published on: August 4, 2015

25th anniversary article: Dynamic interfaces for responsive encapsulation systems.

Ekaterina V Skorb1, Helmuth Möhwald

  • 1Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, Golm, 14424, Germany; Chemistry Department Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya str. 14, Minsk, 220030, Belarus.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|September 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This review covers advanced encapsulation systems for chemical and biological delivery. It highlights stimuli-responsive, multifunctional capsules with applications in medicine, diagnostics, and materials science.

Keywords:
capsuledeliverydynamic interfacelayer-by-layerstimuli response

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High Throughput Microfluidic Rapid and Low Cost Prototyping Packaging Methods
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High Throughput Microfluidic Rapid and Low Cost Prototyping Packaging Methods

Published on: December 23, 2013

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Sandwich-like Microenvironments to Harness Cell/Material Interactions
06:50

Sandwich-like Microenvironments to Harness Cell/Material Interactions

Published on: August 4, 2015

High Throughput Microfluidic Rapid and Low Cost Prototyping Packaging Methods
07:51

High Throughput Microfluidic Rapid and Low Cost Prototyping Packaging Methods

Published on: December 23, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Advanced encapsulation systems are crucial for delivering active chemicals and biological objects.
  • Immobilized capsules on surfaces enable diverse high-tech applications.
  • Efficient methods for encapsulation, storage, and controlled release are in demand.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current methods for creating micro- and sub-micrometer encapsulation systems.
  • To discuss the formation of stimuli-responsive and multifunctional capsules.
  • To present advanced applications of these encapsulation technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly for stimuli-responsive systems.
  • Mobile chemical bonding (hydrogen bonds, chemisorption) and dynamic stoppers.
  • Development of multi-modal and responsive encapsulation platforms.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated multifunctionality and stimuli-responsiveness in encapsulation systems.
  • Enabled controlled release for various applications.
  • Showcased diverse applications including drug delivery, diagnostics, and advanced materials.

Conclusions:

  • Encapsulation systems offer versatile solutions for chemical and biological delivery.
  • Stimuli-responsive and multifunctional capsules are key for advanced applications.
  • Emerging developments promise further innovation in encapsulation technology.