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Prospective risk factor monitoring reduces intracranial hemorrhage rates in preterm infants
Manuel B Schmid1, Frank Reister, Benjamin Mayer
1Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany. manuel.schmid@uni-ulm.de
Insights
Implementing a prospective monitoring program significantly reduced intracranial hemorrhage in premature neonates. This bundle of care measures improved survival rates without brain bleeds in high-risk infants.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Medicine
- Pediatric Neurology
- Clinical Interventions
Background:
- Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) affects 20-25% of premature neonates (born before 30 weeks gestation or <1500g).
- ICH poses a significant risk for long-term neurocognitive deficits in affected infants.
- Evaluating interventions to reduce ICH incidence is crucial for improving neonatal outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the effectiveness of a prospective monitoring program and a bundle of care measures in reducing intracranial hemorrhage in high-risk neonates.
- To evaluate the impact of these interventions on ICH incidence, severity, mortality, and survival without ICH.
Main Methods:
- A prospective monitoring program with a bundle of care measures was implemented at the University of Ulm.
- Interventions included altered delivery approaches, immediate neonatal care, and intensive care protocols.
- Weekly adherence checks and prospective evaluation (23 months) were compared against historical controls (31 months).
Main Results:
- Intracranial hemorrhage incidence decreased from 22.1% to 10.5% (OR 0.43) after intervention.
- High-grade ICH incidence dropped from 9.1% to 3.7% (OR 0.36).
- Survival without ICH improved from 74.5% to 85.3% (OR 1.95), with adjusted OR for ICH of 0.49.
Conclusions:
- Prospective monitoring of risk factors and a comprehensive care bundle can significantly lower brain hemorrhage rates in premature neonates.
- The implemented strategy effectively reduced ICH incidence and improved survival outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Background:
Intracranial hemorrhage occurs in 20% to 25% of neonates born before the 30th week of gestation or weighing less than 1500 grams at birth. These hemorrhages carry a risk of long-term neurocognitive damage. Measures for lowering the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage were evaluated.
Methods:
A working group at the University of Ulm, Germany, developed a prospective monitoring program for risk factors and a bundle of measures including altered clinical approaches to delivery, initial care of the neonate in the delivery room immediately after birth, and intensive care in the first few days thereafter. Adherence to these measures was checked once per week. The evaluation was performed prospectively for a period of 23 months (August 2010 to July 2012) with a 31-month period of historical controls (January 2008 to July 2010).
Results:
In the reference period before the intervention was introduced, 263 neonates weighing less than 1500 grams and with a median (quartile) gestational age at birth of 27.4 (25.4-29.9) weeks were treated. The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage was 22.1%, and that of high-grade hemorrhage was 9.1%. The mortality was 6.1%, and the rate of survival without brain hemorrhage was 74.5%. After the bundle of preventive measures was introduced, 191 neonates weighing less than 1500 grams and with a median (quartile) gestational age at birth of 28.0 (26.0, 30.3) weeks were treated. The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage dropped to 10.5% (odds ratio [OR] 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.25-0.73); the incidence of high-grade hemorrhage dropped to 3.7% (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.14-0.89). The mortality was no different at 6.3%, and 85.3% of the children survived without a hemorrhage (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.20-3.15). After statistical adjustment for higher gestational age, the OR for intracranial hemorrhage (IVH) was 0.49 (0.28-0.86) and the probability of survival without IVH improved (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.01-2.81).
Conclusion:
The rate of brain hemorrhage in premature neonates can be considerably lowered by prospective monitoring of risk factors.
