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Contribution of systematic reviews to management decisions
Carly N Cook1, Hugh P Possingham, Richard A Fuller
1Quantitative and Applied Ecology Group, The School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia. carly.cook@unimelb.edu.au.
Summary
Systematic reviews offer valuable conservation evidence, but many lack direct management application. Enhancing their focus on practical, on-the-ground interventions is key to improving conservation decision-making.
Area of Science:
- Conservation Science
- Evidence Synthesis
- Ecological Management
Background:
- Systematic reviews are increasingly used to synthesize evidence on conservation intervention effectiveness.
- The utility of this growing body of literature for informing management decisions is under investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the extent to which systematic reviews of conservation evidence contribute to management decisions.
- To identify factors influencing the relevance of systematic reviews for practical conservation management.
Main Methods:
- Identified 43 systematic reviews of conservation evidence.
- Analyzed the focus (policy vs. on-the-ground interventions), geographic and taxonomic scope, and inclusion criteria of the reviews.
- Assessed the presence of management-relevant conclusions.
Main Results:
- Only 23 of 43 reviews offered concrete management conclusions.
- Most reviews (65%) focused on policy rather than practical, on-the-ground interventions.
- Reviews often covered a limited geographic (median 13%) and taxonomic (median 16%) scope.
- High exclusion rates (88%) of primary studies due to methodological deficiencies were common.
- Increased geographic scope correlated with management relevance, while increased taxonomic breadth decreased it.
- The amount of primary research summarized did not consistently increase the likelihood of management implications.
Conclusions:
- Systematic reviews are crucial for conservation, but their impact on management can be improved.
- Future reviews should prioritize direct relevance to on-the-ground managers, refine scope, include diverse evidence, and consider cost-effectiveness.
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