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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for their...
Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early years,...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

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Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
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Gene therapy in status epilepticus.

Matthew C Walker1, Stephanie Schorge, Dimitri M Kullmann

  • 1UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, U.K. m.walker@ucl.ac.uk

Epilepsia
|September 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene therapy offers a novel approach to treating epilepsy by modifying neuronal excitability. Researchers successfully used gene therapy to cure a model of epilepsia partialis continua (EPC), expanding its potential use in status epilepticus.

Keywords:
Animal modelsEpilepsia partialis continuaOptogeneticsSubcortical regionsViral vector

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Published on: April 5, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Gene therapy is an emerging treatment for human diseases, utilizing advanced viral vectors.
  • Animal models show gene therapy can alter seizure thresholds and epilepsy development.
  • Optogenetics offers transient neuronal control for seizure detection and cessation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of gene therapy in treating status epilepticus, specifically epilepsia partialis continua (EPC).
  • To explore the potential of gene therapy for broader applications in generalized epilepsies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized gene therapy in an animal model of epilepsia partialis continua (EPC).
  • Administered focal transfection for targeted gene expression.
  • Investigated gene therapy targeting subcortical regions for diffuse epilepsies.

Main Results:

  • Gene therapy successfully "cured" the condition in an EPC animal model.
  • Demonstrated that gene therapy can modify established epilepsy and prevent its development.
  • Recent evidence suggests potential for treating generalized epilepsies via subcortical gene therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Gene therapy presents a viable and effective treatment for specific forms of status epilepticus like EPC.
  • The application of gene therapy for status epilepticus is expected to expand with advancements in targeting subcortical regions.
  • Gene therapy holds significant promise for future epilepsy treatment strategies.