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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...

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Updated: May 8, 2026

Solid-phase Submonomer Synthesis of Peptoid Polymers and their Self-Assembly into Highly-Ordered Nanosheets

Solid-phase Submonomer Synthesis of Peptoid Polymers and their Self-Assembly into Highly-Ordered Nanosheets

Published on: November 2, 2011

Nanoscale phase separation in sequence-defined peptoid diblock copolymers.

Jing Sun¹, Alexander A Teran, Xunxun Liao

¹Molecular Foundry, ‡Materials Sciences Division, ∥Environmental Energy Technologies Division, and #National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|September 5, 2013

Summary

Highly pure peptoid block copolymers reveal new insights into microphase separation. Their morphology deviates from theoretical predictions, highlighting the impact of monomer architecture and low polydispersity on material behavior.

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Solid-phase Submonomer Synthesis of Peptoid Polymers and their Self-Assembly into Highly-Ordered Nanosheets

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Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

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Published on: June 20, 2019

Area of Science:

Polymer Science
Materials Science
Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

Block copolymers are crucial for applications like nanoscale lithography and energy storage.
Current theories of block copolymer morphology often assume perfect monodispersity, which differs from experimental realities (PDIs 1.01-1.10).

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically investigate the relationship between chemical structure and solid-state morphology in peptoid diblock copolymers.
To explore the impact of extremely low polydispersity (PDIs ≤1.00013) on block copolymer phase behavior.

Main Methods:

Solid-phase synthesis of comb-like peptoid block copolymers: poly(N-2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethylglycine)-block-poly(N-(2-ethylhexyl)glycine) (pNte-b-pNeh).
Controlled variation of the Nte block volume fraction (ϕNte) from 0.11 to 0.65, with a fixed chain length of 36 monomers.
Experimental determination of order-disorder transition temperatures and resulting morphologies.

Main Results:

The order-disorder transition temperature showed a maximum at ϕNte = 0.24, contradicting theoretical predictions of a maximum at ϕNte = 0.5.
Lamellar morphology was observed across all ordered phases, even at low Nte volume fractions (ϕNte = 0.11).
Experimental results qualitatively disagreed with established theories of block copolymer microphase separation.

Conclusions:

The study demonstrates that monomer architecture and exceptionally low polydispersity significantly influence block copolymer phase behavior.
Existing theories for microphase separation in block copolymers require re-evaluation to account for these factors.
This work opens new avenues for understanding and designing advanced block copolymer materials.