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Epidemiological studies on syncope.

Martin Huth Ruwald1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Niels Andersens Vej 65, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark. mruwald@hotmail.com.

Danish Medical Journal
|September 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Syncope, or fainting, is a common hospital admission in Denmark. While often linked to cardiovascular issues, even healthy individuals experiencing syncope face increased mortality risk, highlighting its prognostic significance.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Epidemiology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Syncope (fainting) presents diagnostic challenges due to diverse causes and patient comorbidities.
  • Previous epidemiological studies on syncope suffered from inconsistent definitions and varied patient populations.
  • Nationwide Danish registries offer a robust platform for investigating syncope's characteristics and prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the accuracy of the ICD-10 diagnosis code R55.9 for syncope in national registries.
  • To determine the diagnostic approaches, etiology, incidence, prevalence, and cardiovascular risk factors for syncope.
  • To assess the prognosis of syncope patients, including healthy individuals, and evaluate the CHADS2 score for risk stratification.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of extensive Danish nationwide registries, including the National Patient Registry.
  • Validation of the ICD-10 diagnosis code R55.9 for syncope.
  • Examination of diagnostic workups, etiologies, and patient outcomes, including cardiovascular risk and mortality.
  • Evaluation of the CHADS2 score for predicting short- and long-term cardiovascular mortality in syncope patients.

Main Results:

  • The ICD-10 diagnosis code R55.9 reliably identified patients hospitalized for syncope, though many cases remained unexplained.
  • Syncope is a frequent reason for hospital contact in Denmark, strongly associated with cardiovascular comorbidities and pharmacotherapy.
  • In individuals without comorbidities, syncope independently predicts adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality compared to the general population.
  • The CHADS2 score provided significant prognostic information for cardiovascular mortality in syncope patients.

Conclusions:

  • The ICD-10 diagnosis code R55.9 is a valid tool for epidemiological studies of syncope.
  • Syncope is a common condition with significant prognostic implications, even in otherwise healthy individuals.
  • Cardiovascular comorbidities are key risk factors for syncope, and the CHADS2 score aids in risk stratification.