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Appendicitis

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

A Periprosthetic Joint Candida albicans Infection Model in Mouse

A Periprosthetic Joint Candida albicans Infection Model in Mouse

Published on: February 2, 2024

Candida peritonitis.

W Hasibeder¹, M Halabi

¹Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Palliative Care, Ried im Innkreis, Austria - Walter.Hasibeder@krankenhaus-zams.at.

Minerva Anestesiologica

|September 5, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Candida peritonitis (CP) is a growing concern in ICUs, linked to high mortality. Early diagnosis and risk factor assessment are crucial for effective antifungal treatment in immunocompetent patients.

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

A Periprosthetic Joint Candida albicans Infection Model in Mouse

A Periprosthetic Joint Candida albicans Infection Model in Mouse

Published on: February 2, 2024

A Catheter-Related Candida albicans Infection Model in Mouse

A Catheter-Related Candida albicans Infection Model in Mouse

Published on: March 22, 2024

Area of Science:

Critical Care Medicine
Infectious Diseases
Surgical Infections

Background:

Candida peritonitis (CP) incidence is rising in intensive care units (ICUs).
This review focuses on epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostics, and treatment for CP in immunocompetent patients.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize current knowledge on Candida peritonitis (CP).
To outline diagnostic and treatment strategies for CP in critically ill, immunocompetent patients.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive electronic database search using "Candida" and "Peritonitis" as primary terms.
Inclusion of specific keywords to refine the search for relevant literature.

Main Results:

CP carries high mortality, especially post-abdominal surgery or with severe sepsis/septic shock.
Key risk factors include GI perforation, Candida colonization, tertiary peritonitis, and invasive procedures.
Diagnosis relies on histopathology and cultures; novel tests are under investigation. Echinocandins are first-line, with fluconazole for prophylaxis; therapy guided by susceptibility.

Conclusions:

Effective management of CP requires skilled surgical care.
Empirical antifungal treatment decisions must consider peritonitis origin, severity, patient risk factors, and prior antibiotic exposure.