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Related Concept Videos

Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Doppler Effect - II01:05

Doppler Effect - II

The Doppler effect has several practical, real-world applications. For instance, meteorologists use Doppler radars to interpret weather events based on the Doppler effect. Typically, a transmitter emits radio waves at a specific frequency toward the sky from a weather station. The radio waves bounce off the clouds and precipitation and travel back to the weather station. The radio frequency of the waves reflected back to the station appears to decrease if the clouds or precipitation are moving...
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

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Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

Octave effect in auditory attention.

Tobias Borra1, Huib Versnel, Chantal Kemner

  • 1Physics of Man, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|September 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Auditory attention is more complex than previously thought. New research reveals that our hearing focuses on multiple frequencies, not just one, even for imagined sounds.

Keywords:
attention bandprimingpsychoacousticsscene analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Psychoacoustics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Current auditory models propose a simple bandpass attention filter to explain heightened sensitivity to cued tones.
  • This model does not fully account for the complex nature of auditory attention and frequency perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spectral characteristics of auditory attention beyond simple frequency tuning.
  • To explore the neural basis of the "octave effect" in auditory perception.

Main Methods:

  • Psychoacoustic experiments presenting physically and virtually manipulated tones (e.g., missing fundamental).
  • Subjective reports on perceived pitch and auditory attention.
  • Analysis of auditory attention patterns across different frequency ranges.

Main Results:

  • Auditory attention exhibits multiple pass-bands centered around octave-related frequencies, both above and below the cued tone.
  • The "octave effect" persists for complex tones with a missing fundamental and for imagined tones.
  • Evidence suggests neural interactions involving octave-related frequencies in nonprimary cortical areas.

Conclusions:

  • Auditory attention is mediated by a more complex spectral mechanism than a single bandpass filter.
  • Neural connectivity incorporating octave relationships may be a fundamental aspect of auditory processing.
  • This mechanism might have evolutionary roots in processing natural sounds with harmonic spectral peaks.