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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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Related Experiment Video

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Dengue viruses - an overview.

Anne Tuiskunen Bäck1, Ake Lundkvist

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ; Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden ; Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Unit for Research Cooperation, Stockholm, Sweden.

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology
|September 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Dengue viruses cause millions of infections annually, with severe forms lacking clear understanding. Research is needed to identify host factors and viral markers for virulence to combat this arthropod-borne illness.

Keywords:
arbovirusdengue feverdengue hemorrhagic feverdengue shock syndromedengue virusflavivirusvector-borne virus

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Area of Science:

  • * Virology and Tropical Medicine

Background:

  • * Dengue viruses (DENVs) are the most common arthropod-borne viral diseases, infecting 50-100 million people yearly.
  • * Current control relies on managing Aedes mosquito vectors due to the absence of vaccines and antivirals.
  • * DENV infections range from asymptomatic to severe, including dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To elucidate the poorly understood mechanisms underlying severe dengue.
  • * To address the knowledge gap in host cell tropism, immune responses, and viral virulence markers.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of existing research on DENV infection and disease pathogenesis.
  • * Analysis of host and viral factors implicated in dengue severity.
  • * Identification of limitations in current animal models for studying DENV.

Main Results:

  • * Severe dengue, characterized by vascular leakage and shock, remains mechanistically unclear.
  • * Both viral and host factors contribute to disease progression.
  • * Deficiencies in animal models hinder comprehensive understanding.

Conclusions:

  • * Further research is essential to understand host-viral interactions in dengue.
  • * Identifying specific host immune responses and viral virulence factors is crucial.
  • * Developing better animal models is necessary for advancing dengue research and control.