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Related Concept Videos

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...
Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...

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Updated: May 8, 2026

Manual Construction of a Tissue Microarray using the Tape Method and a Handheld Microarrayer
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Temporal artery biopsy: are we doing it right?

Andrew Pieri1, Rob Milligan, Vaidehi Hegde

  • 1General Surgery Department, University Hospital of North Tees, Stockton, UK. apieri@doctors.net.uk

International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance
|September 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Temporal artery biopsy (TAB) has low sensitivity for diagnosing temporal arteritis. Adherence to British Society of Rheumatology guidelines for specimen size and steroid treatment timing can improve TAB accuracy and reduce unnecessary long-term steroid use.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Histopathology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Temporal artery biopsy (TAB) is the gold standard for diagnosing temporal arteritis (TA), but its sensitivity is low (30-40%).
  • Low sensitivity leads to TA treatment continuation despite negative histology, impacting patient management.
  • British Society of Rheumatology (BSR) guidelines recommend specific factors to improve TAB sensitivity: specimen size > 10mm and pre-biopsy steroid treatment < 7 days.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess how TAB results influence clinical management of patients with suspected temporal arteritis.
  • To determine the adequacy of TAB specimens in relation to BSR guidelines.
  • To identify strategies for reducing false negative and true negative biopsy rates.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 55 TABs performed between 2009-2011.
  • Review of patient medical notes focusing on biopsy specimen size, histology results, and duration of steroid therapy (pre- and post-biopsy).

Main Results:

  • Only 6% of TABs were positive; 85% were negative, and 9% were inadequate.
  • Of patients with negative TABs, 46% received > six months of steroid treatment.
  • Among adequate specimens (n=50), 62% were < 10mm, and 28% had pre-biopsy steroid treatment > seven days.

Conclusions:

  • Many patients with negative TABs receive prolonged steroid treatment, indicating suboptimal diagnostic yield.
  • Improving adherence to BSR guidelines (specimen size, early biopsy) can reduce false negatives.
  • Implementing the American College of Rheumatology scoring system is proposed to objectify TAB performance and reduce true negative biopsies.