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Related Concept Videos

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are co-secreted in...
Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...
Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Observing Islet Function and Islet-Immune Cell Interactions in Live Pancreatic Tissue Slices
05:51

Observing Islet Function and Islet-Immune Cell Interactions in Live Pancreatic Tissue Slices

Published on: April 12, 2021

Islet inflammation in plain sight.

M H Abdulreda1, P-O Berggren

  • 1Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.

Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism
|September 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inflammation in pancreatic islets is a common factor in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Intravital imaging offers a novel, non-invasive method to study this islet inflammation in vivo, advancing our understanding of diabetes development.

Keywords:
ApoCIIIT1DT2Danterior chamberdiabetesin vivo imaginginflammationinsulinintraocular transplantationnon-invasivepancreatic islet

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Fat-Covered Islet Transplantation Using Epididymal White Adipose Tissue
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Published on: May 25, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Biomedical Imaging

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus (type 1 and type 2) is a global health concern with undetermined exact causes.
  • Growing evidence points to islet inflammation as a shared early mechanism in both diabetes types.
  • Studying pancreatic islet inflammation in vivo has been historically challenging due to anatomical location and tissue proportion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review shared inflammatory mechanisms in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
  • To explore the utility of intravital imaging for studying islet inflammation.
  • To highlight a new experimental approach for non-invasive, longitudinal study of islet inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on islet inflammation and diabetes pathogenesis.
  • Discussion of intravital imaging techniques for in vivo pancreatic islet research.
  • Focus on a novel experimental approach enabling single-cell resolution of local islet inflammation.

Main Results:

  • Identified shared inflammatory mechanisms implicated in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
  • Demonstrated the potential of intravital imaging as a powerful tool for studying islet pathophysiology.
  • Introduced a new method for non-invasive, longitudinal, in vivo analysis of islet inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Islet inflammation is a critical, shared pathway in diabetes pathogenesis.
  • Intravital imaging provides unprecedented insights into islet inflammation in its native environment.
  • Advanced imaging techniques are crucial for unraveling the complexities of diabetes and developing targeted therapies.