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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin01:26

Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin

Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants01:28

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with the neurotransmission at the neuromuscular end plate to induce paralysis during...

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Updated: May 8, 2026

Behavioral and Locomotor Measurements Using an Open Field Activity Monitoring System for Skeletal Muscle Diseases
06:52

Behavioral and Locomotor Measurements Using an Open Field Activity Monitoring System for Skeletal Muscle Diseases

Published on: September 29, 2014

Muscle disorders: the latest investigations.

R Ghaoui1, N Clarke, P Hollingworth

  • 1Department of Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. roula.ghaoui@health.nsw.gov.au

Internal Medicine Journal
|September 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Diagnosing muscle disorders is challenging due to varied presentations and causes. Advanced tests like antibody assays and next-generation sequencing improve diagnosis, but clinical expertise remains key for accurate interpretation.

Keywords:
diagnosisexomelatest investigationmyopathymyositis-specific antibodynext-generation sequencing

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Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Behavioral and Locomotor Measurements Using an Open Field Activity Monitoring System for Skeletal Muscle Diseases
06:52

Behavioral and Locomotor Measurements Using an Open Field Activity Monitoring System for Skeletal Muscle Diseases

Published on: September 29, 2014

Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies
06:37

Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies

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Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
09:30

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease

Published on: December 18, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Muscle disorders present diagnostic challenges due to diverse clinical manifestations and numerous etiologies.
  • Traditional diagnostic methods include recognizing the 'myopathic phenotype' and utilizing electrodiagnostic and histological investigations.
  • Despite standard approaches, some myopathy cases remain undiagnosed, highlighting the need for advanced diagnostic tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the varied presentations of muscle disorders encountered in neuromuscular clinics.
  • To provide an overview of the latest diagnostic investigations for muscle disorders.
  • To emphasize the importance of clinical expertise in diagnosing myopathies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations in a neuromuscular clinic.
  • Discussion of established diagnostic investigations (electrodiagnostics, histology).
  • Exploration of emerging diagnostic technologies (antibody tests, next-generation sequencing).

Main Results:

  • Muscle disorders exhibit a wide range of clinical phenotypes.
  • Established diagnostic tools are crucial but may not suffice for all cases.
  • Newer tests offer enhanced diagnostic capabilities for immune-mediated and inherited myopathies.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of muscle disorders requires integrating clinical expertise with advanced investigations.
  • Next-generation sequencing and specific antibody tests are transforming the diagnosis of immune and inherited myopathies.
  • A comprehensive approach combining clinical assessment and novel technologies is essential for diagnosing challenging muscle disorders.