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Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
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Dual Test Gas Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity Measurement During Exercise in Humans Using the Single-Breath Method
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Published on: February 2, 2024

Lung diffusing capacity for nitric oxide at lowered and raised ambient pressures.

Dag Linnarsson1, Tryggve E Hemmingsson, Claes Frostell

  • 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
|September 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Lung diffusing capacity for nitric oxide (DLNO) decreases with increased breathing gas density. This suggests gas density impacts nitric oxide transport and backdiffusion in the lungs.

Keywords:
DiffusivityGas densityHyperbariaHypobariaNO

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Physiology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Gas Transport

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in pulmonary physiology.
  • Understanding NO transport dynamics is essential for respiratory health assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of breathing gas density on lung diffusing capacity for NO (DLNO).
  • To model the diffusive transport of NO in the peripheral lung under varying pressures.

Main Methods:

  • Measured DLNO in eight subjects at three ambient pressures (505, 1015, and 4053 hPa) using normoxic gases.
  • Applied a serial model comprising gas phase (DgNO) and alveolo-capillary membrane (DmNO) conductances.
  • Analyzed the relationship between DLNO and gas density.

Main Results:

  • DLNO decreased significantly with increasing ambient pressure (gas density).
  • A 13% difference in DLNO was observed between the two higher pressures.
  • The model showed that diffusive transport of NO in the peripheral lung is inversely related to gas density.

Conclusions:

  • Breathing gas density inversely affects diffusive transport of NO in the peripheral lung.
  • The gas phase conductance (DgNO) is a significant factor, especially at higher pressures.
  • Gas density likely influences the backdiffusion of endogenous NO from airways to alveoli.