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Related Concept Videos

Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra. Schrödinger...
Network Function of a Circuit01:25

Network Function of a Circuit

Frequency response analysis in electrical circuits provides vital insights into a circuit's behavior as the frequency of the input signal changes. The transfer function, a mathematical tool, is instrumental in understanding this behavior. It defines the relationship between phasor output and input and comes in four types: voltage gain, current gain, transfer impedance, and transfer admittance. The critical components of the transfer function are the poles and zeros.
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

A quantum access network.

Bernd Fröhlich1, James F Dynes, Marco Lucamarini

  • 1Toshiba Research Europe Ltd, 208 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0GZ, UK. bernd.frohlich@crl.toshiba.co.uk

Nature
|September 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantum key distribution (QKD) can now support many users via a novel quantum access network. This cost-effective approach expands QKD

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Network Security
  • Telecommunications Engineering

Background:

  • Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers theoretically proven security for information exchange.
  • Existing QKD networks are typically point-to-point, limiting scalability and widespread adoption.
  • There is a need to extend QKD beyond niche, high-security applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and experimentally demonstrate a 'quantum access network' concept.
  • To enable multi-user QKD by sharing network node hardware.
  • To reduce hardware costs and broaden the appeal of QKD technology.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a point-to-multipoint QKD architecture.
  • Utilizing cost-effective telecommunication technologies.
  • Experimentally demonstrating a shared high-speed single-photon detector at a network node.

Main Results:

  • A quantum access network enabling a single node to serve up to 64 users for secret key exchange.
  • Significant reduction in hardware requirements per user.
  • Successful demonstration of a scalable, multi-user QKD network.

Conclusions:

  • The quantum access network architecture removes a key obstacle to widespread QKD application.
  • This approach offers an efficient use of resources for multi-user QKD networks.
  • The demonstrated technology brings QKD closer to becoming a mainstream security solution.