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Related Concept Videos

The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
Replication in Prokaryotes
DNA replication uses a large number of...
The DNA Helix01:07

The DNA Helix

Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the genetic material responsible for passing traits from generation to generation in all organisms and most viruses. DNA is composed of two strands of nucleotides that wind around each other to form a spring-like structure called a double helix. However, the double helix is not perfectly symmetrical. Instead, there are regularly occurring grooves in the structure. The major groove occurs where the sugar-phosphate backbones are relatively far apart. This space...
The DNA Helix01:16

The DNA Helix

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET
11:27

Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET

Published on: June 28, 2014

Many ways to loop DNA.

Jack D Griffith1

  • 1From the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7295.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|September 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electron microscopy enabled direct visualization of DNA structures and protein interactions. This technique revealed DNA shape, protein folding, nucleosomes, DNA curvature, and DNA repair protein binding sites.

Keywords:
ChromatinDNAElectron Microscopy (EM)NucleotideTelomeres

More Related Videos

Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules
09:32

Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules

Published on: April 12, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET
11:27

Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET

Published on: June 28, 2014

Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules
09:32

Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules

Published on: April 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Direct visualization of DNA and its interactions with proteins was limited before the 1960s.
  • Understanding DNA structure and protein binding is crucial for molecular biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop methods for directly visualizing DNA and DNA-protein complexes.
  • To examine DNA shape, protein folding, and DNA looping dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Electron microscopy was employed for direct visualization.
  • Methods were developed to image DNA and DNA-protein complexes at high resolution.

Main Results:

  • First visualization of nucleosomes and DNA linkers.
  • Demonstrated DNA curvature caused by repeating adenine tracts.
  • Visualized binding of DNA repair proteins (p53, BRCA2) at DNA junctions.
  • Verified the trombone model of DNA replication.
  • Discovered DNA looping at telomeres.

Conclusions:

  • Electron microscopy provides powerful insights into DNA structure and dynamics.
  • These methods advanced the understanding of DNA organization, replication, repair, and telomere structure.