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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

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Updated: May 8, 2026

Manipulating Living Cells to Construct Stable 3D Cellular Assembly Without Artificial Scaffold

Manipulating Living Cells to Construct Stable 3D Cellular Assembly Without Artificial Scaffold

Published on: October 26, 2018

Creating living cellular machines.

Roger D Kamm¹, Rashid Bashir

¹Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, rdkamm@mit.edu.

Annals of Biomedical Engineering

|September 6, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are developing complex integrated cellular systems from pluripotent stem cells, creating "living machines" with advanced functions. This work raises important ethical considerations for future research and applications.

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Area of Science:

Integrative biology
Regenerative medicine
Synthetic biology
Systems biology
Developmental biology
Micro-fabrication
Nanotechnology

Background:

The creation of complex integrated cellular systems is a significant future challenge.
Advancements in multiple scientific disciplines are converging to enable this development.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current state-of-the-art in assembling cellular systems.
To identify research opportunities and ethical questions in the field of 'living machines'.

Main Methods:

Assembly of source cells derived from pluripotent stem cells into single-cell type populations.
Integration of multiple cell types, potentially with scaffolds, to achieve higher-level functionality.

Main Results:

Demonstration of assembling cells into functional building blocks for complex systems.
Highlighting the potential for emergent behaviors like self-assembly and self-repair in these systems.

Conclusions:

The development of sophisticated 'living machines' is progressing rapidly.
Significant ethical considerations must be addressed alongside scientific advancements.