Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Immunogold Electron Microscopy01:20

Immunogold Electron Microscopy

Immunoelectron microscopy utilizes immunogold labeling of endogenous proteins with specific antibodies to detect and localize these proteins in cells and tissues. The procedure provides insights into the distribution and quantification of protein under different stimulation conditions offering clues about their functions. Conjugating highly electron-dense gold particles with primary or secondary antibodies allow antigen detection on and within cells, with high resolution and specificity.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Association of Markers of Kidney Tubular Secretion and Risk of Acute Kidney Injury after Acute Heart Failure.

Kidney360·2026
Same author

Markers of kidney tubule dysfunction and injury and long-term risk of acute kidney injury following coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Estradiol protects kidney tubules against ferroptosis.

Kidney international·2026
Same author

Current evidence and future directions for KIM-1 as a blood-based biomarker in RCC.

Nature reviews. Clinical oncology·2026
Same author

Implementing virtual reality for emergency training in nephrology: a large-scale study on educational impact and acceptance.

Clinical kidney journal·2026
Same author

National Institutes of Health Workshop to Accelerate Therapeutic Innovation by Optimizing Kidney Precision Medicine Clinical Trials.

Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN·2026
Same journal

A statistical evaluation of decision-making methods and the efficiency of Bayesian multi-arm multi-stage trials.

Clinical trials (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Accounting for non-adherence: A re-analysis of the Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results trial.

Clinical trials (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Phase I design for partially ordered groups with late-onset toxicity.

Clinical trials (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Trial informed consent forms, the Declaration of Helsinki and the SPIRIT 2025 statement.

Clinical trials (London, England)·2026
Same journal

17th Annual University of Pennsylvania Conference on statistical issues in clinical trials - Covariate adjustment in randomized clinical trials: New methods and applications (Morning panel discussion).

Clinical trials (London, England)·2026
Same journal

17th Annual University of Pennsylvania Conference on statistical issues in clinical trials - Covariate adjustment in randomized clinical trials: New methods and applications (Afternoon panel discussion).

Clinical trials (London, England)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances
07:35

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances

Published on: October 11, 2018

Imperfect gold standards for biomarker evaluation.

Sushrut S Waikar1, Rebecca A Betensky, Sarah C Emerson

  • 1aRenal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Clinical Trials (London, England)
|September 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New biomarkers for acute kidney injury (AKI) show promise, but their accuracy may seem flawed when compared to the imperfect standard of serum creatinine. This highlights limitations in current diagnostic methods for kidney injury.

More Related Videos

Quantitative Immunoblotting of Cell Lines as a Standard to Validate Immunofluorescence for Quantifying Biomarker Proteins in Routine Tissue Samples
09:58

Quantitative Immunoblotting of Cell Lines as a Standard to Validate Immunofluorescence for Quantifying Biomarker Proteins in Routine Tissue Samples

Published on: January 7, 2019

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
07:20

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies

Published on: January 28, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances
07:35

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances

Published on: October 11, 2018

Quantitative Immunoblotting of Cell Lines as a Standard to Validate Immunofluorescence for Quantifying Biomarker Proteins in Routine Tissue Samples
09:58

Quantitative Immunoblotting of Cell Lines as a Standard to Validate Immunofluorescence for Quantifying Biomarker Proteins in Routine Tissue Samples

Published on: January 7, 2019

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
07:20

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies

Published on: January 28, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Diagnostic Accuracy

Background:

  • Serum creatinine is a long-standing but imperfect diagnostic marker for acute kidney injury (AKI).
  • Existing diagnostic methods for AKI lack optimal sensitivity and specificity.
  • Novel biomarkers targeting tubular injury are emerging for improved AKI diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic performance of novel tubular injury biomarkers for AKI.
  • To analyze how the limitations of serum creatinine as a gold standard affect the apparent accuracy of new biomarkers.
  • To understand the interplay between biomarker performance, disease prevalence, and gold standard accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of novel tubular injury biomarkers against serum creatinine.
  • Statistical evaluation of sensitivity and specificity under varying conditions.
  • Simulation studies to assess biomarker performance relative to gold standard imperfections.

Main Results:

  • Novel biomarkers may appear inaccurate when evaluated against serum creatinine, irrespective of their true diagnostic capability.
  • The apparent performance of any biomarker is influenced by the prevalence of the condition and the accuracy of the reference standard.
  • Discrepancies in biomarker performance can stem from the limitations of the existing gold standard.

Conclusions:

  • The perceived accuracy of new AKI biomarkers is dependent on the imperfect nature of the serum creatinine gold standard.
  • Apparent diagnostic errors with novel biomarkers may reflect inaccuracies in serum creatinine rather than biomarker failure.
  • Accurate assessment of novel biomarkers requires consideration of disease prevalence and the limitations of current diagnostic benchmarks.