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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

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A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
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A Patient-Derived Xenograft Model for Venous Malformation
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Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.

Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba1, Karen L Swanson1, Michael J Krowka1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.

Chest
|September 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are abnormal vascular connections causing shunts. Transcatheter embolotherapy is the preferred treatment, with lifelong follow-up recommended due to potential recanalization.

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Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
08:34

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat

Published on: November 18, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Medicine
  • Cardiology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are abnormal vascular connections bypassing lung capillaries, causing intrapulmonary right-to-left shunts.
  • These shunts can lead to hypoxemia and serious complications like stroke and brain abscess.
  • PAVMs are often hereditary, associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, but can also be idiopathic or secondary to other conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the understanding of PAVMs, including their causes, complications, diagnosis, and management.
  • To highlight the importance of screening in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia patients.
  • To emphasize the primary treatment modality and follow-up recommendations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic modalities for identifying intrapulmonary shunts, including transthoracic contrast echocardiography and chest CT scans.
  • Discussion of transcatheter embolotherapy as the primary treatment.
  • Consideration of surgical resection for specific cases and the role of antibiotic prophylaxis.

Main Results:

  • Transthoracic contrast echocardiography is the most sensitive diagnostic test for intrapulmonary shunting.
  • Transcatheter embolotherapy is the treatment of choice for PAVMs.
  • Lifelong follow-up is crucial due to the risk of recanalization and collateralization post-embolization.

Conclusions:

  • PAVMs require careful diagnosis and management to prevent severe complications.
  • Transcatheter embolotherapy offers an effective treatment, but requires ongoing monitoring.
  • Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for all patients with PAVMs to mitigate risks associated with bacteremia.