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Related Concept Videos

Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms03:26

Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms

The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements01:27

The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements

Elements are the smallest units of matter that cannot be broken down further by chemical processes. There are 118 known elements, but not all of these are naturally occurring, and only a few of them are essential for life. Living matter is composed primarily of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen, with smaller amounts of other elements like calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur. Other elements are also necessary for life but only in trace amounts.
Periodic Table Provides Information...
Minerals01:26

Minerals

Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...

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Updated: May 8, 2026

Detection and Recovery of Palladium, Gold and Cobalt Metals from the Urban Mine Using Novel Sensors/Adsorbents Designated with Nanoscale Wagon-wheel-shaped Pores
10:31

Detection and Recovery of Palladium, Gold and Cobalt Metals from the Urban Mine Using Novel Sensors/Adsorbents Designated with Nanoscale Wagon-wheel-shaped Pores

Published on: December 6, 2015

Scarcity of rare earth elements.

M A de Boer1, K Lammertsma

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam (The Netherlands).

Chemsuschem
|September 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Global demand for rare earth elements (REEs) is rising, threatening supply chains. Critical REEs like neodymium may face shortages due to limited mining and recycling, impacting green technologies.

Keywords:
import/exportnatural resourcesrare earthsrecyclingtechnology

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Low-energy Cathodoluminescence for (Oxy)Nitride Phosphors
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Detection and Recovery of Palladium, Gold and Cobalt Metals from the Urban Mine Using Novel Sensors/Adsorbents Designated with Nanoscale Wagon-wheel-shaped Pores
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Low-energy Cathodoluminescence for (Oxy)Nitride Phosphors
07:03

Low-energy Cathodoluminescence for (Oxy)Nitride Phosphors

Published on: November 15, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Economics

Background:

  • Rare earth elements (REEs) are crucial for green technologies and high-tech applications, leading to escalating global demand.
  • Supply chain vulnerabilities for REEs are increasing due to geopolitical factors and concentrated export markets.
  • Economic accessibility of REEs is limited despite their abundance in the Earth's crust.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the current and projected supply landscape of rare earth elements.
  • To identify specific REEs facing potential shortages and the reasons behind them.
  • To explore potential solutions for mitigating REE supply chain risks.

Main Methods:

  • Review of market analysis and supply chain reports.
  • Assessment of geopolitical factors influencing REE exports.
  • Analysis of technological trends driving REE demand.
  • Evaluation of REE recycling and substitution strategies.

Main Results:

  • Significant supply disruptions are anticipated for several REEs, particularly terbium, dysprosium, praseodymium, and neodymium.
  • Increased demand, reduced exports from China, and geopolitical concerns are driving the reopening of mines.
  • Existing methods for recycling REEs from electronic waste are not yet established or widespread.

Conclusions:

  • Short-term supply shortages for critical REEs are probable due to their indispensability and lack of substitutes.
  • Developing effective REE recycling processes is essential to address supply concerns.
  • Reducing reliance on REEs through material substitution and enhanced efficiency is a viable long-term strategy.